Meta: Llama 3.2 Vision 90b

Llama 4 Maverick, introduced on April 5, 2025, is one of the first models in Meta’s Llama 4 family, designed as a natively multimodal model supporting text + image inputs with text outputs. It employs a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture with 128 experts, activating ~17B parameters per token out of a pool of ~400B total parameters. This design improves scalability, efficiency, and reasoning capacity. Maverick has a 1M-token context window, enabling it to handle large documents, extended conversations, and multimodal reasoning. Its knowledge cutoff is August 2024.The model is released under the Llama 4 Community License and comes in both base and instruction-tuned (“Instruct”) versions. Maverick is widely deployed via Hugging Face, Google Vertex AI, Amazon Bedrock, and Oracle Cloud, making it one of the most accessible large open-weight models. However, it outputs text only (no image/audio generation) and, while input capacity is huge, output limits are typically much smaller. The MoE design also raises hardware demands, as maintaining 128 experts requires significant compute resources, and Meta’s license introduces restrictions around commercial-scale use.

Gemini 2.5 Pro, released on June 17, 2025, is Google DeepMind’s most capable model in the Gemini 2.5 family, optimized for deep reasoning, coding, and complex multimodal tasks. It accepts text, images, audio, video, and PDFs as input and outputs text. The model supports 1 million input tokens with an output capacity of up to 65K tokens, enabling large-scale comprehension of datasets, codebases, and technical documents. Its training knowledge extends to January 2025.Pro outperforms earlier Gemini 2.0 models across benchmarks, including agentic coding tasks where it achieved ~63.8% on SWE-Bench Verified. It supports structured outputs, function calling, code execution, search grounding, and URL context, making it well-suited for enterprise, STEM, and developer workflows. However, it does not currently support image or audio generation in its stable release, and its higher computational cost and latency make it less efficient than Flash or Flash-Lite. It is available via the Gemini API, Google AI Studio, and Vertex AI.

Claude Opus 4.5 is Anthropic’s most advanced large language model in the Claude Opus family, designed for high-end reasoning, coding, and autonomous agent workflows. Released in late 2025, it targets developers and enterprises that need reliable long-context understanding and strong multi-step problem solving in production environments.The model supports text and code natively, with reported multimodal capabilities for documents and images, and offers an exceptionally large context window of up to roughly 200,000 tokens. Claude Opus 4.5 emphasizes long-horizon task execution, complex code generation and refactoring, and sustained reasoning over large inputs. In the current landscape, it positions itself as a premium, accuracy- and reasoning-focused alternative to faster or cheaper peers, trading cost for depth and contextual fidelity. Typical applications include advanced coding assistants, research analysis, agentic automation, and enterprise knowledge workflows deployed via Anthropic’s API or major cloud platforms.

Qwen3 VL 235B A22B Instruct is a flagship multimodal vision-language model developed by Qwen (Alibaba Cloud), designed for instruction-following tasks that combine advanced text generation with visual understanding. It serves as a high-end open-weight model for developers and researchers building multimodal AI systems that require strong reasoning, perception, and long-context capabilities.The model supports interleaved text and image inputs, very long context windows (up to roughly 256K tokens), and efficient inference through a mixture-of-experts architecture with about 22B active parameters out of 235B total. In today’s landscape, it competes with top-tier proprietary vision-language models while offering the advantages of open weights and flexible deployment. Typical applications include multimodal assistants, document and image analysis, visual reasoning, and large-context instruction-based workflows.

GPT-5, released by OpenAI in August 2025, is a multimodal large language model that advances beyond the GPT-4 family with a new “unified system” architecture. This design allows the model to dynamically choose between fast responses and extended reasoning depending on task complexity. It supports text, code, and images, alongside stronger tool use and agentic workflows, making it more adaptable for real-world problem solving. While its exact context window size is not disclosed, GPT-5 is optimized for long-horizon reasoning and multi-step tool chaining, indicating substantially expanded capacity over its predecessors.The release introduced specialized variants: GPT-5 Pro, offering extended reasoning for complex workflows, and GPT-5 Codex, optimized for advanced coding tasks such as large-scale refactoring and code review. GPT-5 shows benchmark gains in coding, biomedical reasoning, multimodal analysis, and scientific tasks. Developers also gain new controls, such as verbosity and personalization parameters, for greater steerability. With these improvements, GPT-5 positions itself as OpenAI’s most capable and versatile model, suited for enterprise automation, research, healthcare, and sophisticated coding environments.

Grok 4, released by xAI on July 9, 2025, is the fourth-generation model in the Grok family and the most advanced to date. It is multimodal, supporting text, vision, tool use, and real-time web search, with a reported 256,000-token context window for long-form reasoning and document analysis. Its training data extends through November 2024, making it the most up-to-date Grok model at launch.The lineup includes Grok 4 Generalist for broad tasks, Grok 4 Heavy for higher-capacity reasoning, and Grok 4 Code optimized for programming and debugging. A notable feature is its always-on “Think” mode, designed for deeper multi-step reasoning. While xAI has not disclosed parameter counts, Grok 4 is positioned to compete with frontier models like GPT-5 and Claude 4, balancing real-time knowledge via web integration with structured tool use. It is best suited for coding, complex reasoning, and multimodal AI assistants.